flowchart LR
    A["Fragmented, department-by-<br/>department quality control<br/>reactive defect handling"] --"Quality embedded<br/>across all employees"--> B["Customer-centered<br/>continuous improvement<br/>a culture of total participation"] --"Customer satisfaction<br/>competitive advantage"--> C["Reduced cost of quality<br/>a learning organization culture"]

    style A fill:#FFEBEE,stroke:#D32F2F,color:#000
    style B fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style C fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000
  

    flowchart TD
    subgraph R1["​"]
        direction LR
        P1["Customer Focus<br/>Understand & meet<br/>customer needs<br/>customer satisfaction is paramount"]
        P2["Total Involvement<br/>From top management<br/>to the front line —<br/>every employee owns quality"]
        P3["Process Approach<br/>Ensure quality by<br/>improving the process,<br/>not just the outcome"]
        P4["Continuous Improvement<br/>The PDCA cycle —<br/>relentless improvement"]
    end
    subgraph R2["​"]
        direction LR
        P5["Fact-based Decision Making<br/>Based on data<br/>and measurement —<br/>exclude subjective judgment"]
        P6["Systems Approach<br/>Optimize the whole system<br/>of interrelated<br/>processes"]
        P7["Supplier Partnership<br/>Manage supplier quality<br/>build mutually<br/>beneficial relationships"]
        P8["Strategic Leadership<br/>Management drives<br/>the quality vision<br/>and shapes the culture"]
    end

    style P1 fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style P2 fill:#F3E5F5,stroke:#7B1FA2,color:#000
    style P3 fill:#FFF3E0,stroke:#F57C00,color:#000
    style P4 fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000
    style P5 fill:#FFEBEE,stroke:#D32F2F,color:#000
    style P6 fill:#E0F2F1,stroke:#00796B,color:#000
    style P7 fill:#E8EAF6,stroke:#3949AB,color:#000
    style P8 fill:#1E3A5F,stroke:#1E3A5F,color:#fff
    style R1 fill:none,stroke:none
    style R2 fill:none,stroke:none
  

    flowchart LR
    subgraph PDCA["The PDCA Improvement Cycle"]
        direction TD
        PL["Plan<br/>Identify the problem<br/>set goals & plans"]
        DO["Do<br/>Execute a<br/>small-scale pilot"]
        CH["Check<br/>Measure results<br/>analyze data"]
        AC["Act<br/>Standardize & roll out,<br/>or replan"]
        PL --> DO --> CH --> AC --> PL
    end

    subgraph TOOLS["The 7 Basic Quality Tools of TQM"]
        direction TB
        T1["Check sheets, histograms"]
        T2["Pareto charts, cause-and-effect diagrams"]
        T3["Scatter plots, control charts, stratification"]
    end

    PDCA --- TOOLS

    style PDCA fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#1E3A5F
    style TOOLS fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#1B5E20