flowchart LR
    A["Web 1.0/2.0 —<br/>locked into centralized platforms,<br/>no data ownership"] --"Blockchain, decentralization,<br/>smart contracts"--> B["Web 3.0 —<br/>a user-sovereign internet"] --"DeFi, NFT, DAO,<br/>DApp ecosystem"--> C["A trust-based<br/>digital economy"]

    style A fill:#FFEBEE,stroke:#D32F2F,color:#000
    style B fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style C fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000
  

    flowchart TD
    subgraph R1["　"]
        direction LR
        T1["Blockchain layer<br/>Layer 1: Ethereum, Solana<br/>Layer 2: Polygon, Optimism<br/>Distributed ledger, consensus mechanism"]
        T2["Smart contracts<br/>Self-executing code —<br/>runs automatically once<br/>conditions are met — Solidity, Vyper"]
    end
    subgraph R2["　"]
        direction LR
        T3["Decentralized Identity (DID)<br/>Self-Sovereign Identity —<br/>platform-independent identity proof —<br/>W3C DID standard"]
        T4["Distributed storage<br/>IPFS, Arweave —<br/>content-addressed storage<br/>with no central server"]
    end

    style T1 fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style T2 fill:#F3E5F5,stroke:#7B1FA2,color:#000
    style T3 fill:#FFF3E0,stroke:#F57C00,color:#000
    style T4 fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000
    style R1 fill:none,stroke:none
    style R2 fill:none,stroke:none
  

    flowchart LR
    subgraph DEFI["DeFi (Decentralized Finance)"]
        direction TB
        D1["DEX<br/>Decentralized exchange —<br/>Uniswap, dYdX"]
        D2["Lending<br/>Collateralized loans/deposits —<br/>Aave, Compound"]
    end

    subgraph NFT_DAO["NFT / DAO"]
        direction TB
        N1["NFT<br/>Digital asset ownership —<br/>OpenSea, Blur"]
        N2["DAO<br/>Decentralized autonomous<br/>organization — MakerDAO, Uniswap DAO"]
    end

    subgraph DAPP["DApp Infrastructure"]
        direction TB
        A1["GameFi<br/>P2E game economy —<br/>Axie, StepN"]
        A2["SocialFi<br/>Decentralized social media —<br/>Lens Protocol"]
    end

    DEFI --- NFT_DAO --- DAPP

    style DEFI    fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#1E3A5F
    style NFT_DAO fill:#F3E5F5,stroke:#7B1FA2,color:#4A148C
    style DAPP    fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#1B5E20