flowchart LR
    A["One-dimensional IT investment<br/>evaluation focused on<br/>simple ROI/cost savings"] --"Integrated analysis<br/>of 4 components"--> B["Calculate the total economic<br/>impact — benefits, costs,<br/>flexibility, risk"] --"Objective basis to<br/>persuade stakeholders"--> C["Supports strategic<br/>IT investment decisions"]

    style A fill:#FFEBEE,stroke:#D32F2F,color:#000
    style B fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style C fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000
  

    flowchart TD
    subgraph R1["　"]
        direction LR
        E1["Benefits<br/>Direct, indirect, and intangible<br/>value created by IT adoption<br/>Cost savings, productivity, revenue"]
        E2["Costs<br/>Initial investment, operations,<br/>transition — total cost of ownership<br/>Licensing, labor, training"]
    end
    subgraph R2["　"]
        direction LR
        E3["Flexibility<br/>Potential for future expansion/change<br/>Real-option value<br/>Growth, switch, abandon options"]
        E4["Risk<br/>Adjusting for uncertainty in<br/>benefit/cost estimates<br/>Weighted by probability of realization"]
    end

    style E1 fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style E2 fill:#FFEBEE,stroke:#D32F2F,color:#000
    style E3 fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000
    style E4 fill:#FFF3E0,stroke:#F57C00,color:#000
    style R1 fill:none,stroke:none
    style R2 fill:none,stroke:none
  

    flowchart LR
    S1["Design the interviews<br/>Identify stakeholders<br/>Draft key questions<br/>Establish the current-state baseline"]
    S2["Gather qualitative data<br/>Conduct in-depth interviews<br/>with executives, users, IT staff<br/>Surface benefits and issues"]
    S3["Quantify<br/>Convert interview results<br/>into figures and amounts<br/>Adjust with risk probability"]
    S4["Build the financial model<br/>Calculate NPV, ROI, PP<br/>Flexibility option value<br/>3-year cumulative impact"]
    S5["Write the report<br/>Document the TEI results<br/>Report to management<br/>Support the investment decision"]

    S1 --> S2 --> S3 --> S4 --> S5

    style S1 fill:#E3F2FD,stroke:#1976D2,color:#000
    style S2 fill:#F3E5F5,stroke:#7B1FA2,color:#000
    style S3 fill:#FFF3E0,stroke:#F57C00,color:#000
    style S4 fill:#FFEBEE,stroke:#D32F2F,color:#000
    style S5 fill:#E8F5E9,stroke:#388E3C,color:#000